# Load required modules
import sys
# If an argument is present, we are reading from a file # specified in sys.argv[1] if len(sys.argv) > 1: reader = open(sys.argv[1])
# If no argument, read from stdin else: reader = sys.stdin
x = int(reader.readline()) print(x)

# Load required modules
import sys
try: # If an argument is present, we are reading from a file # specified in sys.argv[1] if len(sys.argv) > 1: reader = open(sys.argv[1])
# If no argument, read from stdin else: reader = sys.stdin
x = int(reader.readline()) print(x)

# Load required modules
import sys
try: # If an argument is present, we are reading from a file # specified in sys.argv[1] if len(sys.argv) > 1: reader = open(sys.argv[1])
# If no argument, read from stdin else: reader = sys.stdin
x = int(reader.readline()) print(x)

# Load required modules
import sys
try: # If an argument is present, we are reading from a file # specified in sys.argv[1] if len(sys.argv) > 1: reader = open(sys.argv[1])
# If no argument, read from stdin else: reader = sys.stdin
x = int(reader.readline()) print(x)

# Load required modules
import sys
try: # If an argument is present, we are reading from a file # specified in sys.argv[1] if len(sys.argv) > 1: reader = open(sys.argv[1])
# If no argument, read from stdin else: reader = sys.stdin
x = int(reader.readline()) print(x)


# Load required modules
import sys
try: # If an argument is present, we are reading from a file # specified in sys.argv[1] if len(sys.argv) > 1: reader = open(sys.argv[1])
# If no argument, read from stdin else: reader = sys.stdin
x = int(reader.readline()) print(x)
except Exception as e:

# Load required modules
import sys
try: # If an argument is present, we are reading from a file # specified in sys.argv[1] if len(sys.argv) > 1: reader = open(sys.argv[1])
# If no argument, read from stdin else: reader = sys.stdin
x = int(reader.readline()) print(x)
except Exception as e:

# Load required modules
import sys
try: # If an argument is present, we are reading from a file # specified in sys.argv[1] if len(sys.argv) > 1: reader = open(sys.argv[1])
# If no argument, read from stdin else: reader = sys.stdin
x = int(reader.readline()) print(x)
except Exception as e:

# Load required modules
import sys
try: # If an argument is present, we are reading from a file # specified in sys.argv[1] if len(sys.argv) > 1: reader = open(sys.argv[1])
# If no argument, read from stdin else: reader = sys.stdin
x = int(reader.readline()) print(x)
except Exception as e:

# Load required modules
import sys
try: # If an argument is present, we are reading from a file # specified in sys.argv[1] if len(sys.argv) > 1: reader = open(sys.argv[1])
# If no argument, read from stdin else: reader = sys.stdin
x = int(reader.readline()) print(x)
except Exception as e: print("Error!")

# Load required modules
import sys
try: # If an argument is present, we are reading from a file # specified in sys.argv[1] if len(sys.argv) > 1: reader = open(sys.argv[1])
# If no argument, read from stdin else: reader = sys.stdin
x = int(reader.readline()) print(x)
except Exception as e: print("Error!")

# Load required modules
import sys
try: # If an argument is present, we are reading from a file # specified in sys.argv[1] if len(sys.argv) > 1: reader = open(sys.argv[1])
# If no argument, read from stdin else: reader = sys.stdin
x = int(reader.readline()) print(x)
except Exception as e: print("Error!")

# Load required modules
import sys
try: # If an argument is present, we are reading from a file # specified in sys.argv[1] if len(sys.argv) > 1: reader = open(sys.argv[1])
# If no argument, read from stdin else: reader = sys.stdin
x = int(reader.readline()) print(x)
except Exception as e: print("Error!")

# Load required modules
import sys
try: # If an argument is present, we are reading from a file # specified in sys.argv[1] if len(sys.argv) > 1: reader = open(sys.argv[1])
# If no argument, read from stdin else: reader = sys.stdin
x = int(reader.readline()) print(x)
except FileNotFoundError as e: print("Error!")

# Load required modules
import sys
try: # If an argument is present, we are reading from a file # specified in sys.argv[1] if len(sys.argv) > 1: reader = open(sys.argv[1])
# If no argument, read from stdin else: reader = sys.stdin
x = int(reader.readline()) print(x)
except FileNotFoundError as e: print("Error!")

# Load required modules
import sys
try: # If an argument is present, we are reading from a file # specified in sys.argv[1] if len(sys.argv) > 1: reader = open(sys.argv[1])
# If no argument, read from stdin else: reader = sys.stdin
x = int(reader.readline()) print(x)
except FileNotFoundError as e: print("Error: File Not Found!")

# Load required modules
import sys
try: # If an argument is present, we are reading from a file # specified in sys.argv[1] if len(sys.argv) > 1: reader = open(sys.argv[1])
# If no argument, read from stdin else: reader = sys.stdin
x = int(reader.readline()) print(x)
except FileNotFoundError as e: print("Error: File Not Found!")

# Load required modules
import sys
try: # If an argument is present, we are reading from a file # specified in sys.argv[1] if len(sys.argv) > 1: reader = open(sys.argv[1])
# If no argument, read from stdin else: reader = sys.stdin
x = int(reader.readline()) print(x)
except FileNotFoundError as e: print("Error: File Not Found!")

# Load required modules
import sys
try: # If an argument is present, we are reading from a file # specified in sys.argv[1] if len(sys.argv) > 1: reader = open(sys.argv[1])
# If no argument, read from stdin else: reader = sys.stdin
x = int(reader.readline()) print(x)
except FileNotFoundError as e: print("Error: File Not Found!") except ValueError as e: print("Error: Input Does Not Match Expected Format!")

# Load required modules
import sys
try: # If an argument is present, we are reading from a file # specified in sys.argv[1] if len(sys.argv) > 1: reader = open(sys.argv[1])
# If no argument, read from stdin else: reader = sys.stdin
x = int(reader.readline()) print(x)
except FileNotFoundError as e: print("Error: File Not Found!") except ValueError as e: print("Error: Input Does Not Match Expected Format!")

# Load required modules
import sys
try: # If an argument is present, we are reading from a file # specified in sys.argv[1] if len(sys.argv) > 1: reader = open(sys.argv[1])
# If no argument, read from stdin else: reader = sys.stdin
x = int(reader.readline()) print(x)
except FileNotFoundError as e: print("Error: File Not Found!") except ValueError as e: print("Error: Input Does Not Match Expected Format!")

# Load required modules
import sys
try: # If an argument is present, we are reading from a file # specified in sys.argv[1] if len(sys.argv) > 1: reader = open(sys.argv[1])
# If no argument, read from stdin else: reader = sys.stdin
x = int(reader.readline()) print(x)
except FileNotFoundError as e: print("Error: File Not Found!") except ValueError as e: print("Error: Input Does Not Match Expected Format!") except OSError as e: print("Error: OS Exception!")

# Load required modules
import sys
try: # If an argument is present, we are reading from a file # specified in sys.argv[1] if len(sys.argv) > 1: reader = open(sys.argv[1])
# If no argument, read from stdin else: reader = sys.stdin
x = int(reader.readline()) print(x)
except FileNotFoundError as e: print("Error: File Not Found!") except ValueError as e: print("Error: Input Does Not Match Expected Format!") except OSError as e: print("Error: OS Exception!")


# Load required modules
import sys
try: # If an argument is present, we are reading from a file # specified in sys.argv[1] if len(sys.argv) > 1: reader = open(sys.argv[1])
# If no argument, read from stdin else: reader = sys.stdin
x = int(reader.readline()) print(x)
except OSError as e: print("Error: OS Exception!") except FileNotFoundError as e: print("Error: File Not Found!") except ValueError as e: print("Error: Input Does Not Match Expected Format!")


# Load required modules
import sys
try: # If an argument is present, we are reading from a file # specified in sys.argv[1] if len(sys.argv) > 1: reader = open(sys.argv[1])
# If no argument, read from stdin else: reader = sys.stdin
x = int(reader.readline()) print(x)
except OSError as e: print("Error: OS Exception!") except FileNotFoundError as e: print("Error: File Not Found!") except ValueError as e: print("Error: Input Does Not Match Expected Format!")


Exception Hierarchy


# Load required modules
import sys
try: # If an argument is present, we are reading from a file # specified in sys.argv[1] if len(sys.argv) > 1: reader = open(sys.argv[1])
# If no argument, read from stdin else: reader = sys.stdin
x = int(reader.readline()) print(x)
except OSError as e: print("Error: OS Exception!") except FileNotFoundError as e: print("Error: File Not Found!") except ValueError as e: print("Error: Input Does Not Match Expected Format!")



# Load required modules
import sys
try: # If an argument is present, we are reading from a file # specified in sys.argv[1] if len(sys.argv) > 1: reader = open(sys.argv[1])
# If no argument, read from stdin else: reader = sys.stdin
x = int(reader.readline()) print(x)
except FileNotFoundError as e: print("Error: File Not Found!") except ValueError as e: print("Error: Input Does Not Match Expected Format!") except OSError as e: print("Error: OS Exception!")


# Load required modules
import sys
try: # If an argument is present, we are reading from a file # specified in sys.argv[1] if len(sys.argv) > 1: reader = open(sys.argv[1])
# If no argument, read from stdin else: reader = sys.stdin
x = int(reader.readline()) print(x)
except FileNotFoundError as e: print("Error: File Not Found!") except ValueError as e: print("Error: Input Does Not Match Expected Format!") except OSError as e: print("Error: OS Exception!")