Python tkinter

Image Credit: Wikipedia

Python tkinter

• Python wrapper for Tk
• Developed in early 1990s
• Object-Oriented, Inheritable
• Change Look and Feel
• Cross-Platform

Imports

import tkinter as tk
# themed widgets
from tkinter import ttk

Class Structure

class MainWindow(tk.Tk):

    def __init__(self) -> None:
        # create GUI

    def action_performed(self, text: str) -> None:
        # handle events

    @staticmethod
    def main(args: List[str]) -> None:
        # start program


# Main Guard
if __name__ == "__main__":
    MainWindow.main(sys.argv)

Layout

# Initialize the parent class
tk.Tk.__init__(self)

# Set the window size
self.minsize(width=200, height=100)

# Allow the grid to expand horizontally to fill the space
self.grid_rowconfigure(0, weight=1)
self.grid_rowconfigure(1, weight=1)
self.grid_columnconfigure(0, weight=1)

Grid Geometry Manager

Image Credit: TkDocs

Grid Geometry Manager

Use sticky option to fill cell

Image Credit: TkDocs

Grid Geometry Manager

Use weight option to stretch

Image Credit: TkDocs

Grid Geometry Manager

Use weight option to stretch

Image Credit: TkDocs

Label

# Create a label and add it to the GUI
self.__label = tk.Label(master=self, text="Hello World!")
self.__label.grid(row=0, column=0)

Button

# Create a button and add it to the GUI
self.__button = tk.Button(master=self, text="Close",
                          command=lambda:
                          self.action_performed("close"))
self.__button.grid(row=1, column=0)

Python Example

Handle Events

Specified by lambda expression

def action_performed(self, text: str) -> None:
    if text == "close":
        sys.exit(0)

Start Application

Call the mainloop() method

@staticmethod
def main(args: List[str]) -> None:
    MainWindow().mainloop()