Let’s tackle one of the critics ratings next. While we could create categories and use checkboxes, this doesn’t capture the incremental values (i.e. 4.3), and it would be a lot of checkboxes for Rotten Tomatoes ratings! Instead, we’ll use a numerical filter, which limits our possible results to a range - between a minimum and maximum value.

Moreover, let’s clean up our Index page, as it is getting difficult to determine what filter(s) go together, and and are adding more.

Refactoring the Index Page

Let’s move the filters to a column on the left, leave the search bar above, and show our results on the right. This will require refactoring our Index.cshtml file:

    <form id="movie-database">

        <div id="search">
            <input type="text" name="SearchTerms" value="@Model.SearchTerms" />
            <input type="submit" value="Search">
        </div>

        <div id="filters">

            <h4>MPAA Rating</h4>
            @foreach (string rating in MovieDatabase.MPAARatings)
            {
                <label>
                    <input type="checkbox" name="MPAARatings" value="@rating" checked="@Model.MPAARatings.Contains(rating)" />
                    @rating
                </label>
            }

            <h4>Genre</h4>
            @foreach (string genre in MovieDatabase.Genres)
            {
                <label>
                    <input type="checkbox" name="Genres" value="@genre" />
                    @genre
                </label>
            }

            <h4>IMDB Rating</h4>
            <div>
                Between
                <input name="IMDBMin" type="number" min="0" max="10" step="0.1" placeholder="min"/>
                and
                <input name="IMDBMax" type="number" min="0" max="10" step="0.1" placeholder="max"/>
            </div>

        </div>

        <div id="results">
            <h1>Movie Results</h1>

            <ul class="movie-list">
                @foreach (Movie movie in @Model.Movies)
                {
                    <li>
                        <div class="details">
                            <h3 class="title">@movie.Title</h3>
                            <div class="mpaa">@movie.MPAARating</div>
                            <div class="genre">@movie.MajorGenre</div>
                        </div>
                        <div class="ratings">
                            @if (movie.IMDBRating != null)
                            {
                                <div class="imdb">
                                    @movie.IMDBRating
                                </div>
                            }
                            @if (movie.RottenTomatoesRating != null)
                            {
                                <div class="rotten-tomatoes">
                                    @movie.RottenTomatoesRating
                                </div>
                            }
                        </div>
                    </li>
                }
            </ul>
        </div>

    </form>

Most of this is simply moving elements around the page, but note that we are using inputs of type=number to represent our range of IMDB values. We can specify a minimum and maximum for this range, as well as an allowable increment. Also, we use the placeholder attribute to put text into the input until a value is added.

Adding More Styles

Now we’ll need to add some rules to our wwwroot/css/styles.css. First, we’ll use a grid for the layout of the form:

form#movie-database {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: 1fr 3fr;
    grid-template-rows: auto auto;
}

The right column will be three times as big as the left.

We can make our search bar span both columns with grid-column-start and grid-column-end:

#search {
    grid-column-start: 1;
    grid-column-end: 3;
    text-align: center;
}

Notice too that for CSS, we start counting at 1, not 0. The filters and the results will fall in the next row automatically, each taking up their own respective grid cell. You can read more about the grid layout in A Complete Guide to Grid.

Let’s go ahead and use flexbox to lay out our filters in a column:

#filters {
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
}

And make our number inputs bigger:

#filters input[type=number] {
    width: 4rem;
}

Notice the use of square brackets in our CSS Selector to only apply to inputs with type number.

Also, let’s add a margin above and remove most of the margin below our <h4> elements:

#filters h4 {
    margin-bottom: 0.2rem;
    margin-top: 2rem;
}

The resulting page looks much cleaner:

The Styled Page The Styled Page

Capturing the Filter Values

Now we need to get the filter values from our GET request query string. We could do this like we’ve been doing before, with:

    Request.Query["IMDBMin"];

But the returned value would be a string, so we’d need to parse it:

    IMDBMin = double.Parse(Request.Query["IMDBMin"]);

If the query was null, then this would evaluate to NaN, which we wouldn’t want to set our <input> to…

Instead, we’ll look at some options built into the PageModel.

Parameter Binding

The first of these options is Parameter Binding. In this approach, we define parameters to our OnGet() method to be parsed out of the request automatically, i.e.:

    /// <summary>
    /// Gets the search results for display on the page
    /// </summary>
    public void OnGet(string SearchTerms, string[] MPAARatings, string[] Genres, double? IMDBMin, double? IMDBMax) {
        this.SearchTerms = SearchTerms;
        this.MPAARatings = MPAARatings;
        this.Genres = Genres;
        this.IMDBMin = IMDBMin;
        this.IMDBMax = IMDBMax;
        Movies = MovieDatabase.Search(SearchTerms);
        Movies = MovieDatabase.FilterByMPAARating(Movies, MPAARatings);
        Movies = MovieDatabase.FilterByGenre(Movies, Genres);
        Movies = MovieDatabase.FilterByIMDBRating(Movies, IMDBMin, IMDBMax);
    }

The benefit of this approach is that as long as C# knows a conversion into the type we specify, the conversion is done automatically. Note that the parameter name matches the name property of the corresponding <input> - this must be the case for the Razor Page to bind the parameter to the corresponding input value.

Note that we still need to assign these parameter values to the corresponding properties of our PageModel. If we don’t, then those properties will all be null, and the <inputs> rendered on our page will always be blank.

Model Binding

A second option is to use Model Binding. Model binding also automatically converts incoming form data, but in this case it binds directly to the properties of our PageModel. We indicate this form of binding with a [BindProperty] attribute, i.e.:

public class IndexModel : PageModel {

    [BindProperty(SupportsGet=true)]
    public string SearchTerms {get; set;}

    [BindProperty(SupportsGet=true)]
    public string[] MPAARatings {get; set;}

    [BindProperty(SupportsGet=true)]
    public string[] Genres {get; set;}

    [BindProperty(SupportsGet=true)]
    public double? IMDBMin {get; set;}

    [BindProperty(SupportsGet=true)]
    public double? IMDBMax {get; set;}

    /// <summary>
    /// Gets the search results for display on the page
    /// </summary>
    public void OnGet() {
        Movies = MovieDatabase.Search(SearchTerms);
        Movies = MovieDatabase.FilterByMPAARating(Movies, MPAARatings);
        Movies = MovieDatabase.FilterByGenre(Movies, Genres);
        Movies = MovieDatabase.FilterByIMDBRating(Movies, IMDBMin, IMDBMax);
    }
}

Note that with this approach, the incoming data is directly bound to the properties, so we don’t need to do any special assignments within our OnGet() method. Also, note that we have to use SupportsGet=true in order for this binding to occur on GET requests (by default, model binding only happens with POST requests).

Note

You only need to do one binding approach per property in a PageModel. I.e. you can just use the property decorator:

public class SomePageModel : PageModel
{
    [BindProperty(SupportsGet=true)]
    public float SomeProperty { get; set; }

    public void OnGet() {
        DoSomething(SomeProperty);
    }
}

or you might use parameter binding:

public class SomePageModel : PageModel
{
    public void OnGet(float SomeProperty) {
        DoSomething(SomeProperty);
    }
}

or you can parse it from the request:

public class SomePageModel : PageModel
{
    public void OnGet() {
        var someProperty = float.Parse(Request.Query["SomeProperty"]);
        DoSomething(someProperty);
    }
}

These are all different means of accessing the same data from the incoming request.

Now all we need to do is implement the actual filter.

Implementing the IMDB Rating Filter

We’ll define the new filter in our MovieDatabase class as another static method:

    /// <summary>
    /// Filters the provided collection of movies
    /// to those with IMDB ratings falling within
    /// the specified range
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="movies">The collection of movies to filter</param>
    /// <param name="min">The minimum range value</param>
    /// <param name="max">The maximum range value</param>
    /// <returns>The filtered movie collection</returns>
    public static IEnumerable<Movie> FilterByIMDBRating(IEnumerable<Movie> movies, double? min, double? max)
    {
        // TODO: Filter movies
    }

Notice that here too we use the nullable double value. So our first step is probably to do a null check:

    if (min == null && max == null) return movies;

But what if only one is null? Should we filter for that part of the range? It wouldn’t be hard to do:

    var results = new List<Movie>();

    // only a maximum specified
    if(min == null)
    {
        foreach(Movie movie in movies)
        {
            if (movie.IMDBRating <= max) results.Add(movie);
        }
        return results;
    }

And the minimum would mirror that:

    // only a minimum specified
    if(max == null)
    {
        foreach(Movie movie in movies)
        {
            if (movie.IMDBRating >= min) results.Add(movie);
        }
        return results;
    }

Finally, we could handle the case where we have both a min and max value to our range:

    // Both minimum and maximum specified
    foreach(Movie movie in movies)
    {
        if(movie.IMDBRating >= min && movie.IMDBRating <= max)
        {
            results.Add(movie);
        }
    }
    return results;

Notice too, that in each of these cases we’re treating the range as inclusive (including the specified minimum and maximum). This is the behavior most casual internet users will expect. If the database and user expectations are different for your audience, you’d want your code to match that expectation.

Now we can filter by IMDB rating:

Filtering By IMDB Filtering By IMDB

Finishing Up

Since we’re displaying the Rotten Tomatoes rating, we should probably also have a filter for it. This will work almost exactly like the IMDB rating - but with the range from 0 to 100. I’ll leave this as an exercise for the reader.