Web Frameworks

Web frameworks were designed meet these challenges, and to help programmers develop web applications more quickly and with less errors. They do so through providing a standardized approach to building a web application, including imposing a software architecture, providing commonly-needed functionality, libraries for database communication, and generators to create boilerplate code. These frameworks built upon existing Web Stacks, allowing the programmer to focus almost exclusively on the scripting aspect.

A slew of frameworks for various scripting languages emerged in 2005:

• Symfony using PHP
• Django using Python
• Ruby on Rails using Ruby
• Grails using Groovy (a Java Virtual Machine Language)

And new ones continue to emerge relatively often:

• Express using [JavaScript (via Node)] in 2010
• Laravel using PHP in 2011
• Phoenix using Elixir in 2014
• ASP.NET MVC using .NET languages 2015

These represent only some of the best known server-side frameworks. A newer trend are client-side frameworks, which are built on JavaScript (or one of its derivatives) and run in the browser communicating with a web API. Some of the best known of these include:

• Ember using JavaScript in 2011
• Meteor using JavaScript in 2012
• React using JavaScript or JSX in 2013
• Vue.js using JavaScript in 2014
• Angular using TypeScript in 2016
• Next.JS using JavaScript or JSX in 2016

You can see there is a large variety represented and available to us - and these are only some of the best known!