While MonoGame does support 3D rendering, we’re going to start with 2D games. When working in 2D, MonoGame uses a coordinate system similar to the screen coordinates you’ve seen in your earlier classes. The origin of the coordinate system $ (0, 0) $, is the upper-left corner of the game window’s client area, and the X-axis increases to the right and the Y-axis increases downward.

The part of the game world that appears on-screen is determined by the active viewport, represented by a Viewport struct - basically a rectangle plus a minimum and maximum depth. From the game class, the active viewport is normally reached with GraphicsDevice.Viewport. It defines the portion of the game world drawn on-screen with four measurements:

• Viewport.X the farthest left range of the viewport along the X-axis
• Viewport.Y the upper range of the viewport along the Y-axis
• Viewport.Width the farthest right range of the viewport along the X-Axis
• Viewport.Height the lower range of the viewport along the Y-axis

Aspect Ratios and the TitleSafe Region

In addition to these measurements, the Viewport class has a AspectRatio property which returns the aspect ratio (the width/height) of the window (or full screen). XNA was originally developed during the transition from the old 3:1 television standard to the newer 16:9 widescreen television resolution, so aspect ratio was an important consideration.

Along with this is the idea of a title safe region - a part of the screen that you could expect to be visible on any device (where titles and credits should be displayed, hence the name). Televisions often have a bit of overscan, where the edges of the displayed image are cut off. Further, if a 3:1 aspect ratio video is displayed on a 16:9 screen, and the player doesn’t want to have black bars on the left and right edges of the screen, one of the possible settings will scale the image to fill the space, pushing the top and bottom of the scene into the overscan regions. Filling a 3:1 screen with a 16:9 image works similarly, except the sides are pushed into the overscan area.

Thus, the Viewport also has a TitleSafeArea which is a Rectangle defining the area that should always be shown on a television. It is a good idea to make sure that any UI elements the player needs to see fall within this region.

The Game Window

The window itself is exposed through the GameWindow class. There should ever only be one instance of the GameWindow class for a given game. It is created by the Game and assigned to the Game.Window property during initialization. It exposes properties for working with the window. For example, you can set your game title with:

Window.Title = "My Cool Game Title";

This will update what Windows displays in the title bar of the window, as well as when hovering over the icon in the start bar, in the task manager, etc.

The GameWindow class handles much of the work of embedding the game within the host operating system. For example, when the game looses focus, the Window.Active property is false, and the game loop stops updating (effectively pausing the game).

You shouldn’t need to use most of its properties.

Setting the Game Window Size

If you want to specify the size of the window for your game, you can do so by setting the BackBufferWidth and BackBufferHeight properties of the Graphics object. For example to set the window to 760 x 480, you would add the following code to the Game.Initialize() method (assuming you used the latest MonoGame project template):

    _graphics.PreferredBackBufferWidth = 760;
    _graphics.PreferredBackBufferHeight = 480;
    _graphics.ApplyChanges();

You can make the window any size you like - but if it is larger than your screen resolution, you won’t be able to see all of it. To make your game fullscreen and exactly the size of your monitor, use:

    _graphics.PreferredBackBufferWidth = GraphicsDevice.DisplayMode.Width;
    _graphics.PreferredBackBufferHeight = GraphicsDevice.DisplayMode.Height;
    _graphics.IsFullScreen = true;
    _graphics.ApplyChanges();