In this lab, we introduced several major important topics in Python. Let’s quickly review them.

Python Dictionaries

Dictionaries in Python allow us to store key-value pairs in a single data structure. Keys are used to uniquely identify an associated value.

Dictionaries can be created using curly brackets {}:

dict_1 = {}
dict_2 = {"a": 1, "b": 2, "c": 3}

Adding and Accessing Dictionary Items

New elements can be added to a dictionary by providing a new key in square brackets:

dict_2 = {"a": 1, "b": 2, "c": 3}
dict_2["d"] = 4

Items can also be accessed and updated using square brackets

dict_2 = {"a": 1, "b": 2, "c": 3}
dict_2["c"] = dict_2["a"] + dict_2["b"]

Loops with Dictionaries

Dictionaries can be iterated by just the keys or by the keys and values in a tuple:

dict_3 = {
    "cat": "mammal",
    "lizard": "reptile",
    "goldfish": "fish",
    "chickadee": "bird"
}

# keys only
for key in dict_3:
    print(f"{key}: {dict_3[key]}")

# keys and values
for key, value in dict_3.items():
    print(f"{key}: {value}")

Functions with Dictionaries

When calling a function that accepts a dictionary as a parameter, the argument is passed using call by reference instead of call by value. The original dictionary can be modified by the function, but it cannot be replaced with a new dictionary unless the reference to that new dictionary is returned from the function.