Summary

--- primaryColor: '#512888' secondaryColor: '#cccccc' textColor: black shuffleQuestions: true shuffleAnswers: true locale: en --- # Encapsulation The term **encapsulation** refers to what part of object-oriented programming? 1. [X] Organizing code into units that handle state and behavior 1. [ ] Communication between various units in a program 1. [ ] Determining which code to run based on messages received 1. [ ] Converting data from one format to another # Scope **Scope** refers to what concept in programming? 1. [X] Which code can access a particular variable 1. [ ] The amount of memory used in an application 1. [ ] Cleaning dirty data from a database 1. [ ] Using multiple variables for the same data # Information Hiding **Information hiding** is a practice from programming used for what outcome? 1. [X] Protecting data from accidental changes by other parts of the program 1. [ ] Encrypting source code to prevent reverse engineering 1. [ ] Adding unused variables to confuse other developers 1. [ ] Preventing memory leaks by only using certain data types # Package A **package** is used in programming languages for what purpose? 1. [X] To group similar code and prevent name collisions 1. [ ] To make programs easier to install 1. [ ] To prevent developers from using external libraries 1. [ ] To send messages between various units of code # Data Types Rearrange the following data types below to match the order of the descriptions given below. (Click and drag to reorder elements)

Whole numbers
Numbers with fractional/decimal values
`True` or `False` values
List of characters
1. `int` 2. `float` or `double` 3. `boolean` or `bool` 4. `String` or `str` # Package A **package** is used in programming languages for what purpose? 1. [X] To group similar code and prevent name collisions 1. [ ] To make programs easier to install 1. [ ] To prevent developers from using external libraries 1. [ ] To send messages between various units of code # Static Typing A **statically-typed** language has what property? 1. [X] The data type of a variable type is set when it is declared 1. [ ] The data type of a variable depends on what it contains 1. [ ] The data type of a variable can always be determined 1. [ ] The data type of a variable cannot always be determined # Dynamic Typing A **dynamically-typed** language has what property? 1. [ ] The data type of a variable type is set when it is declared 1. [X] The data type of a variable depends on what it contains 1. [ ] The data type of a variable can always be determined 1. [ ] The data type of a variable cannot always be determined # Strong Typing A **strongly-typed** language has what property? 1. [ ] The data type of a variable type is set when it is declared 1. [ ] The data type of a variable depends on what it contains 1. [X] The data type of a variable can always be determined 1. [ ] The data type of a variable cannot always be determined # Weak Typing A **weakly-typed** language has what property? 1. [ ] The data type of a variable type is set when it is declared 1. [ ] The data type of a variable depends on what it contains 1. [ ] The data type of a variable can always be determined 1. [X] The data type of a variable cannot always be determined # Type Annotations **Type annotations** can be added to Python to convert it to what type of language? 1. [X] Statically typed 1. [ ] Dynamically typed 1. [ ] Strongly typed 1. [ ] Weakly typed # Struct A **struct** from C++ is best described as what? 1. [X] A compound data type 1. [ ] A binary value 1. [ ] An exception handler 1. [ ] A function # Module Parnas describes a **module** as containing what items (choose all that are correct): - [X] Data structure - [X] Accessing procedures - [X] Modifying procedures - [ ] Documentation # State The **state** of a program is best described by which statement? 1. [X] The data stored at any given moment 1. [ ] Whether the program is running or not 1. [ ] The system the program is executing on 1. [ ] The most recent output of the program # Behavior The **behavior** of a program is best described by which statement? 1. [X] The code that changes the program state 1. [ ] The graphical user interface of an app 1. [ ] The registry entries installed by a program 1. [ ] The memory layout of the data in a program # Class A **class** is best described by what analogy? 1. [X] The "blueprint" of an object 1. [ ] The "contents" of a variable 1. [ ] The "instance" of a package 1. [ ] The "behavior" of a library # Object An **object** in object-oriented programming refers to what concept? 1. [X] A discrete instance of a class 1. [ ] A compound data type 1. [ ] A memory location 1. [ ] A block of code # Private The `private` modifier in Java has what effect when applied to a variable? (The use of a double underscore `__` prefix in Python is meant to confer the same idea, but it is not enforced by the system.) 1. [X] Prevents access or modification outside the class 1. [ ] Encrypts the data stored in the variable 1. [ ] Protects the variable from invalid values 1. [ ] Sets a variable to `null` or `None` when created # Constructor The **constructor** is a special method in a class that performs what task? 1. [X] Creates a new instance of the class as an object 1. [ ] Defines a new method within the class 1. [ ] Deletes the memory used by an object 1. [ ] Launches a new thread for an object # Access Modifier Which of the following keywords are examples of **access modifiers** in Java? Choose all that are correct. - [X] `private` - [X] `public` - [ ] `static` - [ ] `void` # Static The `static` keyword has what effect when applied to a field or method in a class? 1. [X] Indicates that the item exists only in one memory location 1. [ ] Indicates that the value cannot be changed 1. [ ] Doubles the amount of memory allocated 1. [ ] Launches a new thread for an object # Message Passing Which of the following is the best example of **message passing** in object-oriented programming? 1. [X] Calling a method 1. [ ] Constructing an object 1. [ ] Deleting an object 1. [ ] Directly updating a variable